高昌故城，在吐鲁番市东,距火焰山十余里。始建于汉武帝时期，为屯田部队所建也。《汉书》名为“高昌壁”。《北史·西域传》记载：“昔汉武遣兵西讨，师旅顿敝，其中尤困者因住焉。地势高敞，人庶昌盛，因名高昌”。汉、魏、晋历代均派有戊己校尉此城，管理屯田，故又称为“戊己校尉城”。曾为前凉、后凉、西凉、北凉辖地，后为柔然人所破，以阚伯周为高昌王。高昌之称王自此始也”（《周书。高昌传》）。此后张、马、麴氏在高昌相继称王，诸“高昌王”均受中原王朝的册封。元代高昌城毁于战火。自建至毁，历一千三百余年。始建至今已越两千余载。今虽剩断壁残垣，但当年之规模可见，据记载：该城曾有六万人之众。
因城甚大，半日不能遍观，故乘“驴的”直奔保存较好之寺院。据闻，该寺院为故城最大建筑，比皇城尤大，繁荣时，僧众逾千。“驴的”奔驰甚急，路上土台断壁连绵，砂砾遍地，约刻许钟，至寺院，规模甚伟，然圮毁甚巨，除院墙为原物外，大多修补过。讲经堂在旧址重建，上圆下方，寓天圆地方之说。据传，唐高僧玄奘法师曾于是处讲经一月，与国王结义，并为国师，西行之资，也为国王所赠，约曰：西行归来，再为该国讲经三月。于是膜拜而别，至一礼拜窟，昔日之壁画依稀可见，色彩犹存。瞻仰良久，日已西矣，不得观赏可汗堡与他处，只得怅然乘“驴的”踏上归途。惜哉！斯城！惜哉！斯行！
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